Aortic Aneurysm, Dissection and Arrhythmias

Important: The aorta is the main artery from the heart under high pressure. Wall weakness causes aneurysm (dilatation) or layer separation (dissection) — both may be life-threatening. Arrhythmias separately raise stroke and heart failure risk.

Aortic aneurysm

Many patients have no symptoms until large; chest/back pain, dyspnoea or compression symptoms may appear. Treatment is planned by diameter, growth rate, symptoms and anatomy: open repair/replacement or, in selected cases, endovascular stent-graft (shorter stay for suitable aneurysm types).

Aortic dissection

Sudden tearing chest or back pain, blood pressure differential or perfusion mismatch need emergency work-up. Type A usually urgent surgery; some Type B cases are managed medically with selected endovascular options.

Arrhythmias

Medical

Antiarrhythmic and rate-control drugs.

Catheter ablation

RF or cryo to target abnormal pathways.

Devices

Pacemaker, ICD in selected patients.

Early diagnosis and surveillance

Echocardiography, CT, MRI and angiography when needed stratify risk. Blood pressure control, family history and connective tissue disorders are part of long-term care.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) restores blood flow when coronary arteries are blocked, using grafts. Informative guide: symptoms, graft choice, off-pump and minimally invasive options, recovery, and stent versus bypass decisions.

Small-incision (minimally invasive) cardiac surgery avoids full sternotomy for mitral/aortic valve work, selected bypass and some congenital procedures, aiming for less pain and faster discharge. Eligibility, advantages and FAQ.

Mitral, aortic and other valves with stenosis or regurgitation: repair preserves the native valve when possible; otherwise mechanical or bioprosthetic replacement. Minimally invasive options and recovery summary.

Varicose veins: EVLA, radiofrequency, sclerotherapy and surgery when needed; symptoms, supportive measures and long-term follow-up — informative overview.

Aortic aneurysm and dissection: open surgery and endovascular (stent-graft) approaches. Arrhythmias: drugs, ablation and device therapy — emphasis on early diagnosis and follow-up.

Intracardiac mass symptoms, diagnosis with echocardiography and advanced imaging, surgical excision, follow-up and multidisciplinary care for malignant lesions — overview.

Peripheral arterial disease: claudication, critical limb ischaemia and ulcers — balloon, stent, atherectomy, bypass and endarterectomy; integrated view with varicose vein care.

Peripheral arterial stenosis: transfemoral or transradial catheter balloon angioplasty and drug-eluting stent when indicated; indications, benefits, follow-up and FAQ.

Chronic kidney failure: AV fistula, AV graft and catheter access for haemodialysis; maturation time, benefits, risks and care advice.