Haemodialysis Access Surgery

Haemodialysis access surgery provides safe, adequate flow from the patient to the dialysis machine in kidney failure. Good access improves session efficiency and reduces complications.

1) AV fistula

Direct artery–vein anastomosis; preferred and most durable. Usually in the forearm. Venous wall maturation may need 4–8 weeks.

Lower infection risk
Better flow
Less thrombosis tendency when anatomy is suitable

2) AV graft

When native vein is inadequate, a synthetic graft connects artery and vein; different durability and infection profile but may be usable sooner than a mature fistula.

3) Dialysis catheter

For urgent dialysis or as a bridge, a central line is placed. Fast access but higher infection and stenosis risk; use as short as possible.

Patient care

No blood draws from the fistula arm, avoid heavy lifting on that side, check pulse/thrill regularly and seek prompt review if flow drops.

FAQ: For the long term, a mature native AV fistula is usually the safest option. Thrombosis needs early intervention for reopening or revision.

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) restores blood flow when coronary arteries are blocked, using grafts. Informative guide: symptoms, graft choice, off-pump and minimally invasive options, recovery, and stent versus bypass decisions.

Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery

Small-incision (minimally invasive) cardiac surgery avoids full sternotomy for mitral/aortic valve work, selected bypass and some congenital procedures, aiming for less pain and faster discharge. Eligibility, advantages and FAQ.

Valve Repair and Replacement

Mitral, aortic and other valves with stenosis or regurgitation: repair preserves the native valve when possible; otherwise mechanical or bioprosthetic replacement. Minimally invasive options and recovery summary.

Varicose Vein Treatments

Varicose veins: EVLA, radiofrequency, sclerotherapy and surgery when needed; symptoms, supportive measures and long-term follow-up — informative overview.

Aortic Aneurysm, Dissection and Arrhythmias

Aortic aneurysm and dissection: open surgery and endovascular (stent-graft) approaches. Arrhythmias: drugs, ablation and device therapy — emphasis on early diagnosis and follow-up.

Cardiac Tumor Treatment

Intracardiac mass symptoms, diagnosis with echocardiography and advanced imaging, surgical excision, follow-up and multidisciplinary care for malignant lesions — overview.