Varicose Vein Treatments

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Definition: Varicose veins are dilated leg veins with valve incompetence so blood pools instead of returning efficiently. Risk factors include genetics, prolonged standing, pregnancy, obesity and sedentary lifestyle.

Symptoms
  • Pain, burning
  • Oedema, heaviness
  • Night cramps
  • Skin changes / ulcer (advanced)
Goals
  • Symptom relief
  • Prevent complications
  • Cosmetic improvement

Minimally invasive treatments

  • Endovenous laser (EVLA): Laser energy from inside the vein to close it; often local anaesthesia and same-day discharge.
  • Radiofrequency ablation: Heat seals the vein wall; may mean less bruising and pain in some cases.
  • Sclerotherapy / foam: For spider and medium-calibre veins; usually several sessions.

Surgical options

For advanced trunk varices, stripping or segmental excision remain strong options and may combine with endovenous therapy.

Supportive measures

Compression stockings, regular walking, avoiding prolonged static posture and weight control complement treatment.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) restores blood flow when coronary arteries are blocked, using grafts. Informative guide: symptoms, graft choice, off-pump and minimally invasive options, recovery, and stent versus bypass decisions.
Small-incision (minimally invasive) cardiac surgery avoids full sternotomy for mitral/aortic valve work, selected bypass and some congenital procedures, aiming for less pain and faster discharge. Eligibility, advantages and FAQ.
Mitral, aortic and other valves with stenosis or regurgitation: repair preserves the native valve when possible; otherwise mechanical or bioprosthetic replacement. Minimally invasive options and recovery summary.
Varicose veins: EVLA, radiofrequency, sclerotherapy and surgery when needed; symptoms, supportive measures and long-term follow-up — informative overview.
Aortic aneurysm and dissection: open surgery and endovascular (stent-graft) approaches. Arrhythmias: drugs, ablation and device therapy — emphasis on early diagnosis and follow-up.
Intracardiac mass symptoms, diagnosis with echocardiography and advanced imaging, surgical excision, follow-up and multidisciplinary care for malignant lesions — overview.
Peripheral arterial disease: claudication, critical limb ischaemia and ulcers — balloon, stent, atherectomy, bypass and endarterectomy; integrated view with varicose vein care.
Peripheral arterial stenosis: transfemoral or transradial catheter balloon angioplasty and drug-eluting stent when indicated; indications, benefits, follow-up and FAQ.
Chronic kidney failure: AV fistula, AV graft and catheter access for haemodialysis; maturation time, benefits, risks and care advice.